![]() Eighteen of 30 (60%) high-dose participants and 3/10 (30%) low-dose participants experienced grade 3 adverse events 7 to 21 days following their first immunization. Relatively high liver-to-blood inocula were observed during immunization with NF135 in both cohorts. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of CPS immunizations with NF135. Cohort A participants were exposed to a homologous challenge 19 weeks after immunization. In a partially randomized, open-label study conducted at the Radboudumc, Nijmegen, the Netherlands, healthy, malaria-naïve adults were immunized by three rounds of fifteen or five NF135-infected mosquito bites under mefloquine prophylaxis (cohort A) or fifteen NF135-infected mosquito bites and presumptive treatment with artemether/lumefantrine (cohort B). Here, we evaluate this strain for use in CPS immunization regimes. Previous studies show that Plasmodium falciparum strain NF135 produces relatively high numbers of large liver-stage schizonts in vitro. The relative proficiency of liver-stage parasite development may be an important factor determining immunization efficacy. ![]() Whole sporozoite immunization under chemoprophylaxis (CPS regime) induces long-lasting sterile homologous protection in the controlled human malaria infection model using Plasmodium falciparum strain NF54.
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